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Endowed Progress Effect

People work harder to finish a goal when they are already part of the way there.

How to apply it

Start a progress bar or checklist with the steps the person has genuinely already completed.

Where Endowed Progress Effect comes from

The endowed progress effect was described by the researchers Joseph Nunes and Xavier Drèze in a 2006 paper in the Journal of Consumer Research. In their field study at a car wash, some customers got a loyalty card needing eight stamps, and others got a card needing ten with two stamps already on it. Both groups had to buy eight times. Over about nine months, 34% of customers with the pre-stamped card redeemed it, compared with 19% of those who started with an empty card.

How to apply Endowed Progress Effect, step by step

  1. Find a real head start. What has the person already done that counts: creating an account, filling in a profile, a first visit?
  2. Show it. Start the progress bar or checklist with those steps already marked complete.
  3. Keep the goal the same size. The point is to make the start visible, not to shrink the task.
  4. Make every remaining step small and clear, and show the next one.
  5. Never invent progress. If the person did not do it, do not count it.

Endowed Progress Effect in practice: a concrete example

A checklist that starts at one

A new project tool shows a five-step setup checklist. Version one starts at 0 of 5. Version two counts the account the person has just created as step one, so it starts at 1 of 5. The remaining work is identical, but the second version looks started instead of distant, and people are more likely to carry on. Loyalty cards, profile-completion bars and course dashboards use the same idea.

Common Endowed Progress Effect mistakes

  • Starting the bar at a number the person did not earn. People notice, and it costs trust.
  • Giving a head start and then making the remaining steps harder or longer.
  • A progress bar that barely moves for a long time, which makes the goal feel further away than before.
  • Counting steps that are not real progress toward the goal, so the number means nothing.

When Endowed Progress Effect doesn't apply

When progress cannot honestly be counted, leave it out. A fake head start on something the person has to do for themselves, like a compliance form, reads as manipulation. It also fades when the goal is not wanted: a head start will not make people want a task they do not value.

How to tell you got it right

Look at the first screen of your checklist or progress bar. Is every step shown as complete something the person really did? If you cannot explain each one, remove it.

Endowed Progress Effect: common questions

What is the endowed progress effect?

People are more motivated to finish a goal when they are already partway to it, even when the head start is small. The goal feels closer, so they are more likely to carry on.

What was the car wash study?

In a 2006 field study by Nunes and Drèze, customers got a loyalty card needing eight stamps, or a card needing ten with two already stamped. Both needed eight purchases. Over about nine months, 34% of the pre-stamped group redeemed the card, compared with 19% of the other group.

How do you use the endowed progress effect in UX?

Start a checklist or progress bar with the steps the person has genuinely already done, such as creating an account, then show the next step clearly.

Is the endowed progress effect manipulative?

Not if the progress is real. Counting something the person actually did is honest. Inventing progress they did not make is manipulative, and people usually notice.

What is the difference between endowed progress and the goal gradient effect?

Endowed progress is a head start at the beginning. The goal gradient effect is that people speed up as they get closer to the finish. They work well together.

Practise it on a real challenge

Onboarding Checklist — five steps, none done

A project tool shows new users a five-step setup checklist that starts at 0 of 5. Few people finish it, and many stop after the first step.

More UX laws

  • Interruption Cost
  • Time-to-Value
  • Hick's Law
  • Density Matches Context
  • Miller's Law
  • Information Architecture
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